@article {55247, title = {The Mycetophila ruficollis Meigen (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) group in Europe: elucidating species delimitation with COI and ITS2 sequence data}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {508}, year = {2015}, month = {06/2015}, pages = {51}, chapter = {15}, abstract = {

European species of the Mycetophila ruficollis group are compared on the basis of morphology and sequences
of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit one (COI) and the ITS2 region of nuclear ribosomal
DNA. The study represents the first evaluation of morphology-based species delimitation of closely
related fungus gnat species by applying molecular information. Detailed descriptions and illustrations
of the male terminalia are presented along with a key for the identification of all nine European species
of the group. Phylogenetic analyses of molecular data generally supported the morphological species
discrimination. The barcoding region of COI superseded ITS2 rDNA in resolving species. In the COI
barcoding region interspecific differences ranged from 2.9 to 10.6\% and the intraspecific distance from
0.08 to 0.8\%. Only COI data distinguished between the similar and closely related M. ichneumonea and
M. uninotata of which the latter was observed to include cryptic species. The host range of some species is
suggested to be narrower than previously considered and to depend on the forest type. Presented evidence
indicates the importance of analysing sequence data of morphologically very similar mycetophages reared
from identified host fungi for elucidating species delimitation as well as their geographic and host ranges.
New country records, viz. Estonia for M. evanida, Georgia for M. ichneumonea, M. idonea and M. ruficollis,
and Norway for M. strobli, widen the known distribution ranges of these species.

}, keywords = {DNA barcoding, fungus gnats, morphology, mycetophages, Mycetophilini, phylogenetic analysis, Taxonomy}, issn = {1313-2970 }, doi = {doi: 10.3897/zookeys.508.9814}, url = {http://zookeys.pensoft.net/browse_journal_issue_documents.php?issue_id=-1}, author = {Siiri J{\"u}rgenstein and Olavi Kurina and Kadri P{\~o}ldmaa} } @article {50527, title = {Systematics and Phylogeny of Leptomorphus Curtis (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3549}, year = {2012}, month = {11/2012}, pages = {1-117}, abstract = {

The world fauna of the genus Leptomorphus Curtis, 1831 is revised and a phylogeny of species relationships, based on morphological characters, is presented. An updated genus diagnosis and description are given. Species descriptions, diagnoses, illustrations of general habitus, wings, male genitalia and distributions are provided for 37 valid species, along with a key to adults. Twelve new species are described; L. amorimi Borkent, n. sp., L. brandiae Borkent, n. sp., L. crassipilus Borkent, n. sp., L. eberhardi Borkent, n. sp., and L. waodani Borkent, n. sp., from the Neotropical realm, L. furcatus Borkent, n. sp.,and L. perplexus Borkent, n. sp., from the Nearctic realm, L. mandelai Borkent, n. sp., and L. stigmatus Borkent, n. sp., from the Afrotropical realm, and L. tabatius Borkent, n. sp., L. tagbanua Borkent, n. sp., and L. titiwangsensis Borkent, n. sp., from the Oriental realm. Type specimens were studied for all but three species (L. ornatus, L. subforcipatus and L. talyshensis). Leptomorphus elegans Matile and L. lepidus Matile are considered junior synonyms of L. gracilis Matile, n. syns., and L. ypsilon Johannsen is a junior synonym of L. hyalinus Coquillett, n. syn. Lectotypes are designated for L. magnificus (Johannsen), L. neivai Edwards, and L. walkeri Curtis and a neotype is selected for L. bifasciatus (Say). This study brings the total number of extant Leptomorphus species to 45, including eight, unique (based on figures and descriptions), recently described Oriental and northwestern Australasian species (Papp \& \Šev{\v c}\ík 2011), for which material was unavailable for this study. The phylogenetic analysis in this study supports the monophyly of Leptomorphus. The western Nearctic species, L. perplexus, is the sister group to the remaining species, which fell into four major monophyletic species groups (L. ornatus Brunetti group, L. grjebinei Matile group, L. walkeri group, L. furcatus group). The monophyletic relationships within each group are also discussed. The clades found in this study do not support the arrangement of species in to the Leptomorphus subgenera recognized by previous classifications.

}, keywords = {distribution, fungus gnats, genus revision, morphology, new species, Sciophilinae, Sciophilini, Taxonomy}, issn = {1175-5334 (online edition)}, author = {Borkent, Christopher J. and Wheeler, Terry A.} } @article {43750, title = {The Cycloneura Marshall group of genera in New Zealand (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Leiini)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {2090}, year = {2009}, pages = {1-39}, abstract = {The Cycloneura group of genera, as it is here defined, represents a significant component of the Leiini (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) in New Zealand. The group includes little known genera, such as Cawthronia Tonnoir \& Edwards, Cycloneura Marshall, Paracycloneura Tonnoir \& Edwards, Paradoxa Marshall and Sigmoleia Tonnoir \& Edwards, which are reviewed, as well as two new genera, Tonnwardsia gen. n. and Waipapamyia gen. n., which are described here. The prominent feature of Cycloneura-like leiines is the peculiar course of the hind wing veins, CuA2 and A1. Typically, A1 approaches the sinuous course of CuA2, or the two veins even join each other, thereby forming a closed posterior cubital cell. In New Zealand the Cycloneura group is more speciose than previously thought. New species described in this paper are: Paracycloneura inopinata sp. n., Sigmoleia peterjohnsi sp. n., Sigmoleia separata sp. n., Sigmoleiasimilis sp. n., Waipapamyia dentata sp. n., Waipapamyia elongata sp. n., and Waipapamyia truncata sp. n. The New Zealand members of the Cycloneura group do not form a monophyletic group in themselves, but are variously related to extralimital taxa the majority of which is found in the southern Neotropics, South Africa, Australia, and New Caledonia. Possible relationships, with supporting arguments from adult morphology, are discussed.}, keywords = {Leiini, morphology, Mycetophilidae, new genera, new species, New Zealand, Taxonomy}, url = {http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/2000_/Jaschoff\&Kallweit_Zootaxa_2090.pdf}, author = {Jaschhof, Mathias and Kallweit, Uwe} } @article {Bischof1985, title = {Morphology of the first instar larva of Bradysia tritici (Diptera: Sciaridae)}, journal = {International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, year = {1985}, pages = {193-198}, type = {article}, keywords = {Bradysia, Bradysia tritici, Cuticle, Diptera, Larvae, morphology, Ontogenesis, Sciaridae}, author = {Bischof, L. and Perondini, A. L. P. and Gutzeit, H. O.} } @article {Carcupino1994, title = {Eggshell fine structure of Bradysia aprica (Winnertz) (Diptera: Sciaridae)}, journal = {International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, year = {1994}, pages = {109-117}, type = {article}, keywords = {Bradysia, Bradysia aprica, Diptera, Egg, morphology, Sciaridae}, author = {Carcupino, Marcella and Lucchi, Andrea} } @article {Deleporte1986, title = {Biologie et ecologie du diptere Sciaridae Bradysia confinis (Winn., Frey) d{\textquoteright}une litiere de feuillus (Bretagne interieure)}, journal = {Revue d{\textquoteright}Ecologie et de Biologie du Sol}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, year = {1986}, pages = {39-76}, type = {article}, keywords = {Aggregating behaviour, biology, Bradysia, Bradysia confinis, Brittany, Conostigmus alutaceus, Development, dipteran host, France, Growth, Hymenopteran parasites, Larvae, litter, Metamorphosis, morphology, Mortality, Population dynamics, Predation, pupa, Pupation, Reproduction, Sciaridae, Stenomacrus, Stenomacrus laricis (Hymenoptera)}, author = {Deleporte, Simone} } @article {Freeman1983a, title = {Sciarid flies. Diptera, Sciaridae}, journal = {Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects}, volume = {9}, number = {6}, year = {1983}, pages = {1-68}, type = {article}, keywords = {British Isles, checklist, Diptera, Identification guides, morphology, Republic of Ireland, Sciaridae, United Kingdom}, author = {Freeman, P.} } @article {Park1999, title = {Notes on newly recorded insect pest, Bradysia agrestis (Diptera: Sciaridae)}, journal = {Korean Journal of Applied Entomology}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, year = {1999}, pages = {59-62}, type = {article}, keywords = {Bradysia, Bradysia agrestis, Chinju, Diptera, Food plants, morphology, pests, Sciaridae, South Korea, South Kyongsang}, author = {Park, Ghung Gyoo and Yoo, Ju and Sasakawa, Mitsuhiro and Choo, Ho Yul and Kim, Hyeong Hwan and Lee, Heung Su} } @article {Perondini1986, title = {Nuclear division and migration during early embryogenesis of Bradysia tritici Coquillet (syn. Sciara ocellaris) (Diptera: Sciaridae)}, journal = {International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology}, volume = {15}, number = {3}, year = {1986}, pages = {155-163}, type = {article}, keywords = {Bradysia, Bradysia tritici, Diptera, DNA, Early embryogenesis, Embryology, Migration, Mitosis, morphology, Nucleus, Sciara, Sciara ocellaris, Sciaridae}, author = {Perondini, A. L. P. and Gutzeit, H. O. and Mori, L.} } @article {Ribeiro1989, title = {Developmental changes in the fine structure of the salivary gland of Trichosia pubescens (Morgante) (Diptera: Sciaridae) in relation to puffing activity}, journal = {International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, year = {1989}, pages = {185-198}, type = {article}, keywords = {Chromosomes, Development, Diptera, Larvae, morphology, Ontogenesis, Salivary glands, Sciaridae, Trichosia, Trichosia pubescens, ultrastructure}, author = {Ribeiro, A. F.} } @article {Rudzinski2005a, title = {Beitrag zur Trauerm{\"u}ckenfauna Taiwans Tell II: Gattungen Sciara, Schwenckfeldina, Trichosia, Leptosciarella, Baeosciara und Trichosillana gen. nov. (Diptera Nematocera: Sciaridae)}, journal = {Entomofauna}, volume = {26}, number = {15}, year = {2005}, pages = {253-280}, type = {article}, abstract = {This is the second part in a series of taxonomic studies on the Sciaridae of Taiwan and represents the records of 20 species. 4 species could be identified as wellknown palaearctic species. Two of them are recorded from Taiwan for the first time. The other 16 species are described as new to science. The recorded species belong to the following genera: Sciara (3), Schwenckfeldina (2), Trichosia (4), Leptosciarella (7), Baeosciara (3) and Trichosillana gen. nov. (1). New morphological results in the species descriptions and the phylogenetic relationships between the genera and species are discussed under each genus.}, keywords = {Baeosciara involuta, Baeosciara scotica, Baeosciara scotica macrotricha, Diptera, distribution, Laos, Leptosciarella, Leptosciarella dolichocorpa, Leptosciarella furiosa, Leptosciarella imberba, Leptosciarella ironica, Leptosciarella nativa, Leptosciarella neopalpa, Leptosciarella perturbata, morphology, Nantou County, Nematocera, phylogeny, Schwenckfeldina custodiata, Schwenckfeldina pravitata, Sciara, Sciara ruficauda, Sciaridae, Systematics, Taiwan, Trichosia, Trichosia conglobata, Trichosia controversa, Trichosia gravitata, Trichosia morosa, Trichosillana imperiosa}, author = {Rudzinski, Hans-Georg} } @article {Sutou2004, title = {Occurrence of the genus Scythropochroa (Insecta: Diptera: Sciaridae) in Japan, with descriptions of the female and larva}, journal = {Species Diversity}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, year = {2004}, pages = {375-381}, type = {article}, abstract = {Scythropochroa radialis Lengersdorf, 1926 is recorded from Japan (Honshu and Kyushu) as the first representative of this genus from East Asia}, keywords = {Asia, Diptera, forest, Habitat preference, Honshu and Kyushu, Honshu, Japan, Larvae, morphology, Sciaridae, Scythropochroa radialis, Scythropochroa}, author = {Sutou, Mitsuaki and Ito, Masamichi T.} } @article {Vilkamaa2004a, title = {The genus Xenosciara gen. n. and the phylogeny of the Sciaridae (Diptera)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {699}, year = {2004}, pages = {1-24}, type = {article}, abstract = {The phylogeny of 50 genera or subgenera of the Sciaridae was studied by parsimony analysis}, keywords = {Diptera, Malaysia, morphology, phylogeny, Sciaridae, Xenosciara invisa}, author = {Vilkamaa, Pekka and Hippa, Heikki} } @article {Hippa2004, title = {The genus Xylosciara Tuomikoski (Diptera, Sciaridae): phylogeny and review of the species}, journal = {Acta Zoologica Fennica}, volume = {214}, year = {2004}, pages = {1-38}, type = {article}, abstract = {The phylogeny of Xylosciara Tuomikoski, 1960 (type species Sciara lignicola Winnertz, 1867) and related genera was studied by parsimony analysis}, keywords = {Alaska, Cladistics, Diptera, morphology, Ontario, phylogeny, Quebec, Review, Sciara, Sciaridae, Xylosciara, Xylosciara (Xylosciara) horrida, Xylosciara (Xylosciara) merodon, Xylosciara (Xylosciara) mohrigi, Xylosciara (Xylosciara) ontario, Xylosciara (Xylosciara) trigemina, Yukon Territory}, author = {Hippa, Heikki and Vilkamaa, Pekka} } @article {Mohrig1999a, title = {The black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) of Papua New Guinea. Part 1. - Genera Sciara, Schwenckfeldina, Aerumnosa gen. nov., Cratyna, Phytosciara and Chaetosciara. Die Trauermucken (Diptera: Sciaridae) von Papua-Neuguinea. Teil 1 - Gattungen Scia}, journal = {Studia Dipterologica}, volume = {6}, number = {1}, year = {1999}, pages = {153-203}, type = {article}, keywords = {Cratyna, Diptera, Gulf Province, Ivimka Camp, Lakekamu Basin, morphology, Papua New Guinea, phylogeny, Phytosciara, Sciara, Sciaridae, Systematics, Zoogeography}, author = {Mohrig, Werner} } @article {23719, title = {Notes on Macrocera Meigen (Mycetophiloidea, Keroplatidae[)] including M. nigropicea new to Britain}, journal = {Dipterist Digest}, volume = {3}, year = {1990}, pages = {27-31}, keywords = {first record, Habitat preference, Macrocera, Macrocera nigropicea, morphology, United Kingdom, woodland}, url = {http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/1981_90/Chandler_1989_Notes_on_Macrocera_in_britain.pdf}, author = {Chandler, Peter J.} } @article {23419, title = {Les Mycetophilidae (Dipteres) cavernicoles de la collection biospeleologica (4e-8e series des {\textquoteright}grottes visitees{\textquoteright})}, journal = {International Journal of Speleology}, volume = {2}, year = {1966}, pages = {319-334}, type = {Article}, keywords = {Africa, Animals and man, biology, Exechia [Expeditions / / Museums An Collections, from Eur, General, known spp. (Mycetoph.) in Bio-speleologica collection, Land zones, morphology, new and, New taxa, Nomenclature, Palaearctic region, Rhymosia, Systematics}, author = {Burghele-Balacesco, A.} } @article {23524, title = {A study on the last instar larvae of some Czechoslovak Mycetophila (Diptera, Mycetophilidae)}, journal = {Acta Univ. Carol. (Biol.)}, volume = {1970}, number = {2}, year = {1971}, pages = {137-176}, type = {Article}, keywords = {148-149, Adult instar, Adult instar]., Czechoslovakia]., Development, Eurasia, Europe, Host, Hosts, key, Land, Last instar larvae, Life cycle and development, morphology, Mycetophila (Mycetophilidae): [Key to species, Mycetophila [Metamorphosis / / Adult instar, Mycetophila finlandica (Mycetophilidae): [Description, Mycetophila finlandica [Czechoslovakia / / First record]., Mycetophila ichneumonea (Mycetophilidae): [Description, Mycetophila signatoides (Mycetophilidae): [Description, New record]., Nomenclature, Palaearctic region, Parasite]., Parasites, Parasites diseases and disorders, pp., Systematics, systematics] [Insect parasites / / Larva] [Fungal hosts / /, Taxonomy, Use in, zones}, author = {La{\v s}tovka, Petr} } @article {23483, title = {The Australian Mycetophilid glowworms}, journal = {Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., Wellington}, volume = {88}, year = {1960}, pages = {577-593}, type = {Article}, keywords = {Attitudes, biology, Bolitophila luminosa, Bolitophila tasmaniensis, Cytology, Development, Diptera, General Anatomy, glow-worms, Histology, Larva, Life cycle, light organ, Metamorphosis, morphology, Movements, Mycetophilidae, New Zealand, Nymph, Physiology, reflector, Tasmania, Tissues And Organs}, author = {Gatenby, J. B.} } @article {23484, title = {On a possible explanation of the sudden dousing of the light by the New Zealand glow-worm (Arachnocampa luminosa)}, journal = {J. R. micr. Soc., London (3)}, volume = {76}, number = {(1956)}, year = {1958}, pages = {146-148}, type = {Article}, keywords = {Arachnocampa luminosa, biology, Cave Insects, Diptera, dousing light, Keroplatidae, Larvae, light producing organ, Luminosity, morphology, New Zealand, Physiology, silk glands}, author = {Gatenby, J. B. and Ganguly, G.} } @article {23411, title = {The genus Manota Williston (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) in Melanesia and Oceania}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {1502}, year = {2007}, pages = {1-44}, abstract = {The following new species of Manota are described: M. biunculata (Papua New Guinea), M. evexa (Papua New Guinea), M. explicans (Papua New Guinea), M. gemella (Ambon, Maluku Utara, Indonesia), M. hirsuta (Papua New Guinea), M. orthacantha (Papua New Guinea), M. parilis (Papua New Guinea), M. pentacantha (Solomon Islands), M. perissochaeta (Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands), M. serawei (Papua New Guinea), M. sicula (Papua New Guinea), M. spathula (Papua New Guinea), M. subspathula (Papua New Guinea) and M. tricuspis (Fiji). Manota ctenophora Matile (New Caledonia), M. maorica Edwards (New Zealand) and M. taedia Matile (New Caledonia) are redescribed. Manota hamulata Colless, previously known from Palau, is redescribed and recorded from Papua New Guinea. Manota pacifica Edwards from Samoa is discussed and compared with the other species of the region. A key to the Melanesian and Oceanian species of Manota is given.}, keywords = {Manota, Melanesia, morphology, Mycetophilidae, new species, Oceania, Taxonomy}, issn = {1175-5326}, url = {http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/2000_/Hippa_2007_Manota_Melanseia_n_sp.pdf}, author = {Hippa, Heikki} } @inbook {21843, title = {Diptera (flies)}, booktitle = {The insects of Australia}, volume = {Carne}, year = {1991}, note = {English}, pages = {1-1137. Chapter paginati}, publisher = {Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, Australia \& UCL Press Limited, London, England.}, organization = {Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, Australia \& UCL Press Limited, London, England.}, keywords = {Australia, characteristics, Chironomidae, Culicidae, General morphology, key to families and subfamilies, Life cycle, major groups, morphology, Mycetophilidae, Tipulidae}, author = {Colless, D. H. and McAlpine, D. K.}, editor = {Naumann, I. D. and Carne, P. B.} }