@article {50288,
	title = {Notes on pupal behaviour, eclosion, mate attraction, copulation and predation of the New Zealand glowworm Arachnocampa luminosa (Skuse) (Diptera: Keroplatidae), at Waitomo},
	journal = {New Zealand Enlomologist},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1-9},
	abstract = {The behaviour of pupae and adults ofthe New Zealand glowworrn Arachnocampa luminosa was observed in Reserve Cave and in the cave entrance at Waitomo, New Zealand, from remote video recordings made with infra-red light. One female pupa observed in the cave was videotaped for 111 h before the adult emerged and copulated with a male. This female took 13 h 23 min to eclose, during which she glowed intermittently on 17 occasions. The male alighted upon the emerging female 13 h and 8 min after eclosion commenced and 3 min 33 s after she last glowed. Copulation commenced 12 h 55 min later and continued for 12 h 36 min. Two minutes after the pair separated, both adults were caught and eaten by a predatory harvestman (Megalopsalis tumida). Most of the eclosion was recorded for a second female pupa observed, on a rock face inthe bush-clad entrance to Reserve Cave after 97 h of videotaping. Prior to eclosion this pupa made flicking movements when small crawling invertebrates contacted it during the daytime; this is the first time this behaviour has been described for A. luminosa. A male pupa inthe cave was videotaped for 94 h until the adult emerged. It glowed dimly for 45 min during eclosion and the adult  off 42 h 39 min after eclosion commenced.},
	keywords = {Bioluminescence, cave ecology, Opiliones, remote recording, sex pheromone},
	author = {Broadley, R. Adam}
}
@article {48183,
	title = {Synchronized Circadian Bioluminescence in Cave-Dwelling Arachnocampa tasmaniensis (Glowworms) },
	journal = {Journal of Biological Rhythms},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2011},
	month = {02/2011},
	pages = {34-43},
	abstract = {Larvae of the genus Arachnocampa, known as glowworms, are bioluminescent predatory insects that use light to attract prey. One species, Arachnocampa flava, is known to possess true circadian regulation of bioluminescence: light:dark cycles entrain the rhythm of nocturnal glowing. Given the absence of natural light as a cue in caves, we addressed the question of whether cave populations of Arachnocampa tasmaniensis, a species known to inhabit caves as well as epigean environments, are rhythmic. We found that the major dark-zone cave populations of A. tasmaniensis maintain a high-amplitude 24-hour rhythm of bioluminescence, with the acrophase during external daylight hours. Populations of A. tasmaniensis in caves many kilometers apart show similar, but not exactly the same, timing of the acrophase. Systematic investigation of colonies in the dark zone of a single cave showed that some smaller colonies distant to the main ceiling colony, also in the dark zone, glow in antiphase. Periodic monitoring of a single colony over several years showed that the acrophase shifted from nocturnal to diurnal some time between October 2008 and January 2009. Prey availability was investigated as a possible zeitgeber. The acrophase of prey availability, as measured by light trapping, and the acrophase of bioluminescence do not precisely match, occurring 3 hours apart. Using in-cave artificial light exposure, we show that after LD cycles, cave larvae become entrained to bioluminesce during the foregoing photophase. In contrast, epigean larvae exposed to artificial LD cycles after a period of DD become entrained to bioluminesce during the foregoing scotophase. One explanation is that individuals within colonies in the dark zone synchronize their bioluminescence rhythms through detection and matching of each other {\textquoteright}s bioluminescence. },
	keywords = {coupled oscillators, epigean, Hypogean, mutual synchronization, troglophile},
	doi = {10.1177/0748730410391947 },
	url = {http://jbr.sagepub.com/content/26/1/34},
	author = {Merritt, David J. and Arthur K. Clarke}
}
@article {44512,
	title = {A new subgenus and five new species of Australian Glow-worms (Diptera: Keroplatidae: Arachnocampa)},
	journal = {Memoirs of the Queensland Museum {\textemdash} Nature},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {11-43},
	abstract = {A new subgenus, Arachnocampa (Lucifera) subgen. nov., is described to include the Tasmanian species, Arachnocampa tasmaniensis Ferguson and the Mount Buffalo glow-worm, Arachnocampa buffaloensis sp. nov. The new subgenus is separated from the subgenera Arachnocampa (Arachnocampa) and Arachnocampa (Campara) by differences in wing venation. The subgenus Arachnocampa now includes only the New Zealand species A. luminosa (Skuse) which differs from species of Lucifera and Campara by its unusual method of vertical pupal suspension. The Australian species A. tasmaniensis, A. flava Harrison and A. richardsae Harrison are redescribed. Five new species are described: A. buffaloensis sp. nov. (Victoria) within the subgenus Lucifera; and A. tropica sp. nov. (north Queensland), A. gippslandensis sp. nov. (eastern Victoria), A. otwayensis sp. nov. (western Victoria) and A. girraweenensis sp. nov. (southeast Queensland/northern New South Wales) within the subgenus Campara.},
	keywords = {Arachnocampa, Campara, glow-worm, Keroplatidae, Lucifera, rainforest, threatened species, troglophile},
	issn = {0079-8835},
	author = {Baker, Claire H.}
}
@inbook {43779,
	title = {L{\textquoteright}origine des Dipt{\`e}res cavernicoles},
	booktitle = {Livre du Centenaire Emile G. Racovitza 1868-1968},
	year = {1970},
	pages = {307-311},
	publisher = {Acad{\'e}mie de la R{\'e}publique Socialiste de Roumanie},
	organization = {Acad{\'e}mie de la R{\'e}publique Socialiste de Roumanie},
	address = {Bucarest},
	author = {Matile, Loic},
	editor = {Orghidan, T.}
}
@article {23848,
	title = {Literature review of the New Zealand glowworm Arachnocampa luminosa (Diptera: Keroplatidae) and related cave-dwelling Diptera},
	journal = {New Zealand Entomologist},
	volume = {7},
	number = {4},
	year = {1983},
	note = {Using Smart Source Parsing},
	pages = {419-424},
	keywords = {Arachnocampa luminosa ( Skuse 1890 ) ( Keroplatidae ) : Status, Diptera, Insecta, Keroplatidae : Nematocera, Mycetophilidae : Nematocera, P. 420},
	url = {http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/1981_90/Pugsley_1983_litt_rev_Arachnocampa.pdf},
	author = {Pugsley, C.}
}
@article {23413,
	title = {Two New Zealand insects},
	journal = {Washington State Entomological Society Proceedings},
	year = {1979},
	note = {No. 41},
	pages = {555},
	type = {Article},
	keywords = {Arachnocamp, Arachnocampa luminosa [New Zealand / / Life habit]., Australasia, Australasian region, habit]., Intertidal, Land zones, life, Marine zones, Ocean, Pacific, Philanisus plebeius (Trichoptera)., Philanisus plebeius [South Pacific / / New Zealand},
	isbn = {0043-0773},
	author = {Anderson, N. H.}
}
@article {23483,
	title = {The Australian Mycetophilid glowworms},
	journal = {Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., Wellington},
	volume = {88},
	year = {1960},
	pages = {577-593},
	type = {Article},
	keywords = {Attitudes, biology, Bolitophila luminosa, Bolitophila tasmaniensis, Cytology, Development, Diptera, General Anatomy, glow-worms, Histology, Larva, Life cycle, light organ, Metamorphosis, morphology, Movements, Mycetophilidae, New Zealand, Nymph, Physiology, reflector, Tasmania, Tissues And Organs},
	author = {Gatenby, J. B.}
}
@article {23625,
	title = {Feeding behaviour and enemies of Rhaphidophoridae (Orthoptera) from Waitomo Caves, New Zealand},
	journal = {Trans. roy. Soc. N.Z.,Wellington (Zool.)},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1962},
	pages = {121-129},
	type = {Article},
	keywords = {Arachnocampa luminosa, biology, cave inhabiting, Cave Insects, Diptera, Entomophagous, Feeding behaviour, Flowers, Galls, Gymnoplectron waitomoensis, Keroplatidae Leaf-miners, Megalopsalis tumida, New Zealand, omnivorous habits, Orthoptera, Pallidoplectron turneri, Parasites, predator, Saltatoria, Waitomo Cave},
	author = {Richards, A. M.}
}
@article {23626,
	title = {Glow-worms},
	journal = {Aust. nat. Hist., Sydney},
	volume = {14},
	year = {1963},
	pages = {222-224},
	type = {Article},
	keywords = {abdominal light from pupae, adults, Arachnocampa luminosa, attraction, biology, Bonin Is., Cave Insects, caves, Diptera, fittkaui, Keroplatidae, Larva, Leptocera boharti, Leptocera brachystoma, Leptocera lutea, Luminosity, mosquitoes, New Zealand, Nomenclature, Pachytarsella, phosphorescent, Ponape I., pupa, Rachispoda boninensis, Rachispoda disciseta, Rhythm, Sphaeroceridae, sticky silk threads, Thoracochaeta, Trachyopella obliqua, Yap, Zealand},
	author = {Richards, A. M.}
}
@article {23624,
	title = {Observations on the New Zealand glow-worm Arachnocampa luminosa (Skuse) 1890},
	journal = {Trans. roy. Soc. N.Z., Wellington},
	volume = {88},
	year = {1960},
	pages = {559-574},
	type = {Article},
	keywords = {Animal constructions, Arachnocampa luminosa, biology, Bionomics, cannibalism, Cave Insects, cave-dwelling members, Diptera, Ecology, effects of environment, Feeding Habit, General Habits, insect food of larvae, Keroplatidae, Larva, Life-histories, New Zealand, Predacious, Waitomo Cave},
	author = {Richards, A. M.}
}
@article {23484,
	title = {On a possible explanation of the sudden dousing of the light by the New Zealand glow-worm (Arachnocampa luminosa)},
	journal = {J. R. micr. Soc., London (3)},
	volume = {76},
	number = {(1956)},
	year = {1958},
	pages = {146-148},
	type = {Article},
	keywords = {Arachnocampa luminosa, biology, Cave Insects, Diptera, dousing light, Keroplatidae, Larvae, light producing organ, Luminosity, morphology, New Zealand, Physiology, silk glands},
	author = {Gatenby, J. B. and Ganguly, G.}
}
@inbook {23494,
	title = {Fragments of New Zealand entomology},
	booktitle = {Fragments of New Zealand entomology.},
	year = {1950},
	note = {BookWellington, N.Z.},
	pages = {188 pp.},
	publisher = {Ferguson \& Osborn Ltd.},
	organization = {Ferguson \& Osborn Ltd.},
	keywords = {Arachnocampa luminosa, Borkhausenia ombrodella, Diptera, Ecology, entomology, Generations, Historical, Humidity, Insecta, Insular, Keroplatidae, Life-histories, Luminosity, mountain tops, New Zealand, Nomenclature, Phenology, swarms, Systematics, Wellington, Zoology},
	author = {Hudson, G. V.}
}
@article {22037,
	title = {Arthropods as predators},
	journal = {Viewpoints in Biology},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1963},
	pages = {85-114},
	abstract = {p. 105: "Some predatory mycetophilid larvae secrete droplets ox oxalic acid at a concentration of 0.15 per cent, with a pH of 1.8, which are deposited on the silken threads of their traps, where they rapidly immobilaze entangled prey... Similar web traps with beads of unknown compositionare produced by the larvaeof another mycetophilid, Arachnocampa luminosa, in New Zealand, whose luminiscent organ is said to attract prey to the dangling adhesive lines."},
	author = {Edwards, John S.}
}
@article {22116,
	title = {Glow, big glowworm},
	journal = {NATURAL HISTORY},
	volume = {95},
	number = {12},
	year = {1986},
	note = {English},
	pages = {10,12,14,16},
	keywords = {* INSECTA-; ** DIPTERA-; *** NEMATOCERA-; **** KEROPLATIDAE-; Arachnocampa luminosa; Invertebrates; Arthropods; Insects; Dipterans/True Flies, Arachnocampa luminosa; BEHAVIOUR-; Larvae; NEW-ZEALAND; North Island, Waitomo Cave; Larval behaviour},
	url = {http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/1981_90/Gould_1986_NaturalHistory_GlowWorm.pdf},
	author = {Gould, Steven Jay}
}
@article {22118,
	title = {Regional specialization in the Malpighian tubules of the New Zealand glow-worm Arachnocampa luminosa (Diptera: Mycetophilidae). The structue and function of type 1 and 2 cells},
	journal = {TISSUE \& CELL},
	volume = {11},
	number = {4},
	year = {1979},
	pages = {673-702},
	keywords = {Arachnocampa luminosa; MALPIGHIAN-TUBULES; Cell types, structure ; \&;  function; * INSECTA-; ** DIPTERA-; Arachnocampa luminosa; Invertebrates; Arthropods; Insects; Dipterans/True Flies},
	author = {Green, L. F. B.}
}
@article {22119,
	title = {The fine structure of the light organ of the New Zealand glow-worm Arachnocampa luminosa (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)},
	journal = {TISSUE \& CELL},
	volume = {11},
	number = {3},
	year = {1979},
	pages = {457-465},
	keywords = {Arachnocampa luminosa; LUMINOUS-ORGANS; MALPIGHIAN-TUBULES; LARVA-; Luminous organ, functional ultrastructure; * INSECTA-; ** DIPTERA-; Arachnocampa luminosa; Invertebrates; Arthropods; Insects; Dipterans/True Flies},
	url = {http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/1971_80/Green_1979_fine_structure_of_Light_organ_Arachnocampa.pdf},
	author = {Green, L. F. B.}
}
@article {22120,
	title = {Cryptonephric Malpighian tubule system in a dipteran larva, the New Zealand glow-worm Arachnocampa luminosa (Diptera: Mycetophilidae): a structural study},
	journal = {TISSUE \& CELL},
	volume = {12},
	number = {1},
	year = {1980},
	pages = {141-151},
	keywords = {Arachnocampa luminosa; RECTUM-; MALPIGHIAN-TUBULES; Cryptonephric system, structure ; \&;  function; * INSECTA-; ** DIPTERA-; Arachnocampa luminosa; Invertebrates; Arthropods; Insects; Dipterans/True Flies},
	author = {Green, L. F. B.}
}
@inbook {22442,
	title = {Insect bioluminescence},
	booktitle = {Bioluminescence in action},
	year = {1978},
	pages = {i-xxvi, 1-570. Chapter p},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	address = {London, New York \& San Francisco},
	keywords = {CANTHAROIDEA-; ELATERIDAE-; LUMINESCENCE-; Behavioural functions, functions ; \&;  luminous organs; * INSECTA-; ** COLEOPTERA-; *** POLYPHAGA-; **** ELATEROIDEA-; ***** ELATERIDAE-; **** CANTHAROIDEA-; ***** LAMPYRIDAE-; ***** PHENGODIDAE-; ** DIPTERA-; Arachnocampa luminosa; *** NEMATOCERA-; **** MYCETOPHILIDAE-; ** HEM, light organs, taxonomy ; \&;  phylogeny; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOUR; Role of luminescence; PHYLOGENY-; Luminescent systems significance; LAMPYRIDAE-; FEEDING-BEHAVIOUR; MIMICRY-; Aggressive; DEFENSIVE-BEHAVIOUR; TERRITORIALITY-; Role of luminescence; FLASHING-; Patterns; PH, taxonomy ; \&;  phylogeny; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOUR; Role of luminescent lantern flashing; PHYLOGENY-; Bioluminescent systems significance; FLASHING-; Luminescent lantern flashing; ECOLOGY-; MYCETOPHILIDAE-; FULGORIDAE-; COLLEMBOLA-; LUMINESCENCE-; Mechanism},
	author = {Lloyd, J. E.},
	editor = {Herring, P. G.}
}
@article {22628,
	title = {Thoughts on the possible function and origin of bioluminescence in the New Zealand glowworm Arachnocampa luminosa (Diptera: Keroplatidae), based on electrophysiological recordings of spectral responses from the eyes of male adults},
	journal = {New Zealand Entomologist},
	volume = {8},
	year = {1984},
	note = {English},
	pages = {111-119},
	keywords = {Arachnocampa luminosa; LUMINESCENCE-; Function ; \&;  origin, study using spectral responses of adult male eyes; COMPOUND-EYE; Anatomy ; \&;  physiology in relation to luminescence; VISUAL-ACUITY-AND-DISCRIMINATION; Spectral responses of adult males in relation to luminescence; FOOD-CAPTURE; Larval luminescence, use to attract aquatic prey; * INSECTA-; ** DIPTERA-; *** NEMATOCERA-; **** KEROPLATIDAE-; Arachnocampa luminosa; Invertebrates; Arthropods; Insects; Dipterans/True Flies},
	author = {Meyer Rochow, V. B. and Eguchi, E.}
}
@article {22629,
	title = {Visual behaviour and the structure of dark and light-adapted larval and adult eyes of the New Zealand glowworm Arachnocampa luminosa (Mycetophilidae: Diptera)},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Physiology},
	volume = {25},
	number = {7},
	year = {1979},
	pages = {601-613},
	keywords = {Arachnocampa luminosa; COMPOUND-EYE; Light ; \&;  dark adapted adults; OCELLI-; Ultrastructure, larvae; * INSECTA-; ** DIPTERA-; Arachnocampa luminosa; Invertebrates; Arthropods; Insects; Dipterans/True Flies, light ; \&;  dark adapted larvae; ORIENTATION-; Behavioural responses to light},
	author = {Meyer Rochow, V. B. and Waldvogel, H.}
}
@article {22856,
	title = {Management of a biological resource - Waitomo Glowworm Cave, New Zealand},
	journal = {PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF SPELEOLOGY},
	volume = {8},
	number = {1},
	year = {1981},
	note = {English},
	pages = {489-492},
	keywords = {Arachnocampa luminosa; WILDLIFE-MANAGEMENT; CAVE-HABITAT; NEW-ZEALAND; Waitomo; * INSECTA-; ** DIPTERA-; *** NEMATOCERA-; **** MYCETOPHILIDAE-; Arachnocampa luminosa; Invertebrates; Arthropods; Insects; Dipterans/True Flies},
	author = {Pugsley, C.}
}
@article {22857,
	title = {Ecology of the New Zealand glowworm Arachnocampa luminosa (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) in caves at Waitomo, New Zealand},
	journal = {PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF SPELEOLOGY},
	volume = {8},
	number = {2},
	year = {1981},
	note = {English},
	pages = {483-488},
	keywords = {Arachnocampa luminosa; DIET-; FOOD-AVAILABILITY; LIFE-CYCLE; MORTALITY-; Causes; CAVE-HABITAT; NEW-ZEALAND; Waitomo; Life cycle ; \&;  mortality causes; * INSECTA-; ** DIPTERA-; *** NEMATOCERA-; **** MYCETOPHILIDAE-; Arachnocampa luminosa; Invertebrates; A},
	author = {Pugsley, C.}
}
@article {22858,
	title = {Ecology of the New Zealand glowworm, Arachnocampa luminosa (Diptera: Keroplatidae), in the Glowworm Cave, Waitomo},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW ZEALAND},
	volume = {14},
	number = {4},
	year = {1984},
	note = {English},
	pages = {387-407},
	keywords = {Arachnocampa luminosa; FOOD-AVAILABILITY; LIFE-CYCLE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MORTALITY-; Factors; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; DISTRIBUTION-WITHIN-HABITAT; Cave; CAVE-HABITAT; NEW-ZEALAND; Waitomo, Glowworm Cave; Ecology; * INSECTA-; ** DIPTERA-; *** NEMATOCERA-; **** KEROPLATIDAE-; Arachnocampa luminosa; Invertebrates; Arthropods; Insects; Dipterans/True Flies},
	author = {Pugsley, C.}
}
@article {22899,
	title = {Entomopathogenic species of the hyphomycete genus Tolypocladium},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY},
	volume = {43},
	number = {2},
	year = {1984},
	note = {English},
	pages = {133-139},
	keywords = {Aedes australis; Aedes sierrensis; REACTION-OF-HOST-TO-PARASITE; Pathogenicity of Tolypocladium (fungus); Arachnocampa luminosa; NEW-ZEALAND; Waitomo, Morin Cave; New species of fungal parasite; Nematocera; FUNGAL-PARASITES; Tolypocladium; New parasite species, parasite description ; \&;  relationships; HOST-SPECIFICITY; Tolypocladium (fungus); * INSECTA-; ** DIPTERA-; Nematocera; *** NEMATOCERA-; **** CULICIDAE-; Aedes australis; **** CULICIDAE-; Aedes sierrensis; **** KEROPLATIDAE-; Arachnocampa luminosa; Inver},
	author = {Samson, R. A. and Soares, G. G. , Jr.}
}
@article {21609,
	title = {Zur Okologie und Biolumineszenz von Arachnocampa luminosa Skuse (Diptera: Keroplatidae)},
	journal = {Entomologische Zeitschrift},
	volume = {201},
	number = {21},
	year = {1992},
	note = {German},
	pages = {404-411, illustr.},
	keywords = {Arachnocampa luminosa; LUMINESCENCE-; Luminous organ morphology; LIFE-CYCLE; Characteristics; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; Development; * INSECTA-; ** DIPTERA-; *** NEMATOCERA-; **** KEROPLATIDAE-; Arachnocampa luminosa; Invertebrates; Arthropods; Insects; Dipte},
	author = {Anken, R. H. and Kappel, T.}
}
@article {22019,
	title = {The New Zealand glow-worm},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London},
	volume = {1933-34},
	year = {1934},
	pages = {3-10, 2 fig.},
	author = {Edwards, Frederick Wallace}
}
@article {22189,
	title = {Note on Tanyzonus bolitophilae Marshall, parasitic in the New Zealand glow-worm},
	journal = {Entomologist{\textquoteright}s Monthly Magazine},
	volume = {ser. 2, vol. 3 [28]},
	year = {1892},
	pages = {277-278},
	author = {Hudson, G. V.}
}
@article {22719,
	title = {A luminous insect larva in New Zealand},
	journal = {Entomologist{\textquoteright}s Monthly Magazine},
	volume = {23},
	year = {1886},
	pages = {230-231},
	abstract = {<p>The New Zealand species id refered to Sciophila or allied genus</p>
},
	author = {Osten-Sacken, C. R.}
}
@article {22780,
	title = {Zur Kenntnis der Praimaginalstadien der Pilzmucken (Diptera, Mycetophiloidea). Teil 1: Gespinstbau},
	journal = {ZOOLOGISCHE JAHRBUECHER ABTEILUNG FUER ANATOMIE UND ONTOGENIE DER TIERE},
	volume = {101},
	number = {2},
	year = {1979},
	pages = {168-266},
	keywords = {Mycetophiloidea; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; Webs ; \&;  cocoons; FOOD-CAPTURE; LARVA-; Web structure ; \&;  chemical composition; PUPA-; Cocoon chemical composition; COCOONS-; WEBS-; Structure ; \&;  chemical composition; * INSECTA-; ** DIPTERA-; Mycetophiloidea;},
	author = {Plachter, H.}
}
@article {22782,
	title = {Zur Kenntnis der Praimaginalstadien der Pilzmucken (Diptera, Mycetophiloidea). Teil 2: Eidonomie der Larven},
	journal = {ZOOLOGISCHE JAHRBUECHER ABTEILUNG FUER ANATOMIE UND ONTOGENIE DER TIERE},
	volume = {101},
	number = {3},
	year = {1979},
	pages = {271-392},
	keywords = {comprehensive account, Mycetophiloidea; HEAD-; TERMINAL-REGION; MOUTHPARTS-; Morphology; CUTICLE-; SENSORY-RECEPTION; SPIRACLES-; External anatomy; LARVA-; External morphology, taxonomic relationships; PHYLOGENY-; Relationships of families ; \&;  subfamilies; * INSECTA-; ** DIPTERA-; Mycetophiloidea; Invertebrates; Arthropods; Insects; Dipterans/True Flies},
	author = {Plachter, H.}
}
