@article {barbosa_self-incompatibility_2009,
	title = {Self-incompatibility and myophily in Octomeria (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae) species},
	journal = {Plant Systematics and Evolution},
	volume = {283},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1{\textendash}8},
	abstract = {Pleurothallidinae (ca. 4,000 spp.) is the largest myophilous group in Orchidaceae. Recently three self-compatible bird-pollinated genera were included at the base of the group, while Octomeria (plus Brachionidium ) is the sister group to the remaining subtribe in the former circumscription. Studies of reproductive biology of three Octomeria species were carried out to determine the occurrence of myophily and self-incompatibility in the genus, to help trace the evolution of these characteristics in the subtribe. The three species showed a strong self-incompatibility and are intercompatible. Octomeria crassifolia and O. grandiflora are pollinated by Sciaridae (Diptera) species, presenting high specificity. These results indicate that both self-incompatibility and myophily are basal characteristics in the former delimitation of the Pleurothallidinae and possibly have been kept in the derived lineages, representing biological synapomorphies of the group.},
	keywords = {Mating systems, Myophily, Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae, Pollination, Self-incompatibility},
	issn = {0378-2697},
	doi = {10.1007/s00606-009-0212-6},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/h167mg18462q6hj0/abstract/},
	author = {Barbosa, Ariane Raquel and de Melo, Marcos Cabral and Borba, Eduardo Leite}
}
@article {quilichini_reproduction_2010,
	title = {Reproduction of the West Mediterranean endemic Arum pictum (Araceae) on Corsica},
	journal = {Plant Systematics and Evolution},
	volume = {287},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {179{\textendash}187},
	abstract = {Pollination in the genus Arum appears to be in general a complex deceptive pollination process. The genus Arum is composed of 28 species, all belonging to the subgenus Arum, except A. pictum, the only species of the subgenus Gymnomesium, which is basal and sister to all other Arum species. The aim of this paper is to document the pollination ecology of the insular Arum pictum, the only Arum species to flower in autumn, on the island of Corsica (France). The anthesis cycle of A. pictum occurs during the day, attracting sphaerocerid flies and staphylinid beetles early in the morning and late in the afternoon of the first day. The pollen is released from the anthers early in the morning of the second day before the departure of the insects. Its thermogenic cycle matches the anthesis cycle with an original and unique, bimodal temperature pattern of the appendix (morning and afternoon), contrary to the unimodal pattern found in all other studied Arum species. Data from reproductive success and seed sets suggest that sexual reproduction in this species is limited by pollen (e.g. attracting lured insects) rather than by resources. The biology of this Western Mediterranean species appears to be different from other Western European Arum and close to some Eastern Mediterranean species. Further studies are needed to establish whether Arum pictum represents some ancestral stage or whether its peculiar biological traits are adapted to its insular distribution. },
	keywords = {Floral volatiles, Insect pollination, Ocimene, Reproductive success, Sphaeroceridae, Thermogenesis},
	issn = {0378-2697},
	doi = {10.1007/s00606-010-0312-3},
	url = {http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/2000_/QuilichiniEtAl_2010_PlantSysEvol_287.pdf},
	author = {Ang{\'e}lique Quilichini and David Macquart and Denis Barab{\'e} and J{\'e}r{\^o}me Albre and Marc Gibernau}
}
@article {22113,
	title = {Pollination by fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) and self-recognition sites in Tolmiea menziesii (Saxifragaceae)},
	journal = {Plant Systematics and Evolution},
	volume = {244},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Article; PrintEnglish},
	pages = {55-67},
	abstract = {Observations of insects visiting strongly protandrous flowers of Tolmiea menziesii (Saxifragaceae) show that Gnoriste megarrhina (Mycetophilidae), a large fungus gnat with a body ca. 7 mm long and a proboscis ca. 6.5 mm long, is the primary pollinator. Pollen is transferred to ventral portions of the gnat{\textquoteright}s thorax while it probes for an unusually dilute nectar (8.3\% to 12\% sucrose equivalents) produced at the base of the floral tube. Grains are transferred to the two receptive stigmas on each pistil when it forages for nectar on a female phase flower. Pollen load analyses indicate that Tolmiea menziesii may be the only nectar source visited by the gnat while it is in bloom. While hoverflies (Syrphus spp.) and bumblebees (Bombus spp.) also visit T. menziesii flowers, they do not forage for nectar and usually behave as pollen robbers visiting only male phase flowers after earlier visits by G. megarrhina. When the modes of floral presentation of T. menziesii are compared to other species pollinated primarily by micro-dipterans, and mycetophilids in particular, there appears to be a floral convergence in some spring-flowering, perennial herbs of moist, evergreen woodlands and forests. Analyses of open (gnat-pollinated) vs. hand-pollinated pistils show that manual cross-pollinations are slightly more successful than open pollinations. Fluorescence microscopy confirms two sites of self-recognition and rejection within the pistil: following controlled self-pollination experiments almost half of the pollen tubes produced either stop growing once they reach the top of the ovary and/or grow horizontally. The remaining tubes produced by self-pollination penetrate ovules but seed is never set. This double mode of self-recognition and rejection is similar to the one described for Heuchera micrantha var. diversifolia (Saxifragaceae) but may also confirm an earlier report of post-zygotic rejection made for Tolmiea.},
	keywords = {Diptera-, Insecta-; Arthropods-; Hymenopterans-; Insects-; Invertebrates-; True-Flies, Mycetophilidae- : Nematocera-},
	url = {http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/2000_/Goldblatt_Bernhardt_Vogan_Manning_2004_pollination.pdf},
	author = {Goldblatt, P. and Bernhardt, P. and Vogan, P. and Manning, J. C.}
}
