TY - JOUR T1 - The retrocerebral endocrine complex of adult Bradysia paupera (Diptera, Sciaridae) JF - Zoologicheskii Zhurnal Y1 - 1994 A1 - Panov, A. A. SP - 248 EP - 251 KW - Bradysia KW - Bradysia paupera KW - Diptera KW - Evolution KW - Sciaridae L2 - 26634 L3 - 26865 VL - 73 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Light microscopy of retrocerebral endocrine complex and stomatogastric nervous system in some mycetophiloid dipterans (Diptera, Mycetophiloidea) JF - Zoologicheskii Zhurnal Y1 - 1995 A1 - Panov, A. A. SP - 83 EP - 91, illustr. KW - Mycetophiloidea; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; Stomatogastric system ultrastructure taxonomic ; &; phylogenetic significance; DIGESTIVE-SYSTEM; Stomatogastric nervous system structure taxonomic ; &; phylogenetic role; RETROCEREBRAL-GLANDS; Endocrine complex ultrastru KW - taxonomic ; &; phylogenetic significance; * INSECTA-; ** DIPTERA-; *** NEMATOCERA-; Mycetophiloidea; Invertebrates; Arthropods; Insects; Dipterans/True Flies L2 - 22738 L3 - 22755 VL - 74 N1 - Russian ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Histological structure of clypeo-cibarial and labral skeleton and musculature in Nematocera (Diptera). 3. Bibionomorpha JF - Zoologicheskii Zhurnal Y1 - 2004 A1 - Panov, A. A. SP - 580 EP - 596 KW - Animalia-; Bibio- (Diptera-): genus-; Bibionomorpha- (Diptera-): genus-; Bolitophila- (Diptera-): genus-; Bradysia- (Diptera-): genus-; Keroplatus- (Diptera-): genus-; Macrocera- (Diptera-): genus-; Mycetophillidae- (Diptera-): higher-taxa; Nematocera- (D KW - Arthropoda- KW - Arthropods- KW - central-rod-shaped KW - clypeo-cibarial KW - distal-rod-shaped; histological-structure KW - Insecta- KW - Insects- KW - Integumentary-System: Chemical-Coordination-and-Homeostasis; Muscular-System: Movement-and-Support; [75314-] Diptera- KW - Invertebrata- KW - Invertebrates-; centroclypeus-: sclerotized- KW - labral-; clypeo-cibarial-junction-types: central-lamellar KW - shield-like; clypeo-labral-muscle: muscular-system; frons-; labral-base; labro-epipharyngeal-muscle-fibers: muscular-system; labrum-: skeletal-system; skeleton-: skeletal-system AB - The labrum in the Bibionomorpha studied is developed to a different extent. It is elongated in Bolitophila, Sylvicola, and Bibio, relatively short in many mycetophilids, and very short in Keroplatus. Its outer wall is usually sclerotized and rarely membranous (Keroplatus, Scatopse, and Sylvicola). The labro-epipharyngeal muscle fibers are found in the majority of species studied. They are mostly located at the labral base and in Bolitophila, through the whole labrum. Except for Keroplatus, there exists a clypeo-labral muscle acting perhaps as a labral levator. The clypeus either has a form of completely sclerotized shield strongly fused with the frons and genae (Bolitophila, Macrocera, Scatopse); or it consists of a sclerotized shield-like centroclypeus surrounded with its membranous zone (Mycetophillidae, Bradysia); or its sclerotized portion is horseshoe-shaped and also surrounded with a membrane, except for a narrow sclerotized stripe connecting it with the frons (Bibio, Sylvicola). Correspondingly, there are three types of clypeo-cibarial junction: distal rod-shaped, central lamellar, and central rod-shaped, the latter being similar to the fulcrum of brachyceran Diptera. Epithelial clypeo-cibarial junction is absent. There is a tentorio-cibarial muscle in all the studied species of Bibionomorpha, whereas a very feeble cranio-cibarial muscle was found only in Boletina and Scartopse. L2 - 22742 L3 - 22759 VL - 83 N1 - ArticleRussian ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retrocerebral endocrine complex in Keroplatus imago (Diptera, Keroplatidae) JF - Zoologicheskii Zhurnal Y1 - 1998 A1 - Panov, A. A. SP - 311 EP - 315, illustr. KW - comparative study; * INSECTA-; ** DIPTERA-; *** NEMATOCERA-; **** KEROPLATIDAE-; Keroplatus; **** MACROCERIDAE-; Macrocera; Invertebrates; Arthropods; Insects; Dipterans/True Flies KW - evolutionary ; &; taxonomic significance; PARALLELISM-; Retrocerebral gland complex structure KW - Keroplatus; Macrocera; RETROCEREBRAL-GLANDS; Complex structure L2 - 22739 L3 - 22756 VL - 77 N1 - Russian ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Histological structure of the food canal in Nematocera (Diptera) imago head. 4. Bibionidae, Scatopsidae, Anisopodidae and general conclusion JF - Zoologicheskii Zhurnal Y1 - 2001 A1 - Panov, A. A. SP - 556 EP - 566 KW - Animalia-; Bibio-marci (Diptera-); Scatopse-notata (Diptera-); Sylvicola-punctatus (Diptera-); Diptera-: Animals- KW - Arthropoda- KW - Arthropods- KW - Cell-Biology; Dental-and-Oral-System: Ingestion-and-Assimilation; [75314-] Diptera- KW - Insecta- KW - Insects- KW - Invertebrata- KW - Invertebrates-; food-canal: histological-structure; head-: imaginal-; muscle-fiber: muscular-system KW - oligomerization-; pharynx-: dental-and-oral-system KW - sclerotization-; apomorphic-traits; autapomorphic-traits; plesiomorphic-traits AB -

The cephalic food canal of bibionid, scatopsid, and anisopodid midges have different structure regardless of the similar trophic specialization. The most plesiomorphic canal is in scatopsids with the cibarium dilator consisting of numerous tubular muscle fibers and the three-radial pharynx devoid of intrinsic circular muscles. The cephalic food canal in Bibionidae belongs to the type previously described in Chironomidae and some Sciaroidea (Keroplatidae and Macroceridae), whose main characteristics are the weak sclerotization of the pharyngeal wall and development of intrinsic pharyngeal circular muscles. Anisopodids possess a weak cibarial pump and combine both plesiomorphic and apomorphic traits in the pharynx structure. Their major plesiomorphies are strong sclerotization of the pharyngeal intima and the three-radial pharyngeal lumen. The so-called oblique muscle of the precerebral pharynx appears to be anisopodid autoapomorphy. It was not found in any other nematocerans and acts as protractor and pharynx dilator. The studies of the cibario-pharyngeal apparatus in representatives of 20 Nematocera families attest to their great diversity within the suborder. It was established: the existence of two principally different structural types of the pharynx; oligomerization of muscle fibers in the cibarial and pharyngeal dilators in most Nematocera families; a shift of the punctum fixum and punctum mobile of dilator muscles depending on the muscle strength and degree of the pharynx wall sclerotization.

L2 - 22740 L3 - 22757 VL - 80 N1 - ArticleRussian ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Histological structure of the food canal in Nematocera (Diptera) imago head. 3. Sciaroidea JF - Zoologicheskii Zhurnal Y1 - 2001 A1 - Panov, A. A. SP - 421 EP - 432 KW - Animalia-; Bolitophilidae- (Diptera-): gnat-; Culicomorpha- (Diptera-): gnat-; Keroplatidae- (Diptera-): gnat-; Macroceridae- (Diptera-): gnat-; Mycetophilidae- (Diptera-): gnat-; Psychodomorpha- (Diptera-): gnat-; Sciaridae- (Diptera-): gnat-; Tipulomorp KW - Arthropoda- KW - Arthropods- KW - Dental-and-Oral-System: Ingestion-and-Assimilation; Digestive-System: Ingestion-and-Assimilation; [75314-] Diptera- KW - Insecta- KW - Insects- KW - Invertebrata- KW - Invertebrates-; pharynx-: dental-and-oral-system; food-canal; food-specialization AB -

Sciaroid gnats have different pharyngeal apparatus, despite similar mouthparts and food specialization. The pharynx in Bolitophilidae and Sciaridae is similar to that in Tipulomorpha, Psychodomorpha species and in some representatives of Culicomorpha. Whereas another pharynx type was found in Macroceridae, Keroplatidae, and in some Mycetophilidae species. Its specific features are as follows: nonsclerotized intima, folded epithelium, and a layer of circular muscular fibers around the epithelium. When the sclerotization of the pharynx wall becomes weaker, muscular fibers of the posterior dorsal dilators shift their insertion from the dorsal wall of the pharynx to its lateral longitudinal ridges. The structure of the pharynx in Keroplatidae-Macroceridae is similar to that in Chironomidae described earlier. The characteristics of the pharynx in representatives of these three families may reflect both a weakening of its activity and changes in its mode of function.

L2 - 22741 L3 - 22758 VL - 80 N1 - ArticleRussian ER -